With isolation, domestic abuse activists fear ‘explosive cocktail’
“Safer at Home.” It’s a slogan of choice for the mandatory ( ) confinement ( ) measures aimed at curbing ( ) the spread of the coronavirus. But it’s not true for everyone.
As the world’s families hunker ( ) down, there’s another danger, less obvious but just as insidious ( ), that worries advocates ( ) and officials: a potential spike ( ) in domestic violence ( ) as victims spend day and night trapped at home with their abusers, with tensions ( ) rising, nowhere ( ) to escape, limited or no access ( ) to friends or relatives — and no idea when it will end.
“An abuser will use anything in their toolbox to exert ( ) their power and control, and COVID-19 is one of those tools,” said Crystal Justice, who oversees ( ) development at the National Domestic Violence Hotline, a 24/7 national hotline in the United States. In cities and towns everywhere, concern is high, and meaningful numbers are hard to come by ( ). In some cases, officials worry about a spike in calls, and in others, about a drop in calls, which might indicate that victims cannot find a safe way to reach out for help.
In Los Angeles, officials have been bracing ( ) for a spike in abuse. “When cabin fever ( ) sets in, give it a week or two, people get tired of seeing each other and then you might have domestic violence,” said Alex Villanueva, the sheriff ( )of Los Angeles County.
“One of the key challenges of this health pandemic is that home isn’t a safe place for everyone,” said Amanda Pyron, executive director of The Network: Advocating Against Domestic Violence, based in Chicago. “Victims and the abusers have to stay at the scene of the crime.”
Similar concerns have arisen in hard-hit ( ) continental Europe. In France, “it’s an explosive cocktail,” says Nathalie Tomasini, a leading lawyer for domestic violence victims there. Being trapped in an apartment with an abusive partner, she said, is akin to ( ) “a prison with no open window.”
In addition to intimate partner violence, concerns have also been raised about child abuse. In jurisdictions ( ) everywhere, the chief worry is not only that coronavirus tensions could trigger more abuse, but that with kids out of school, more cases could go unreported or unnoticed.
“If kids are not at school, those reports aren’t getting made,” said Jessica Seitz, public policy director for the advocacy group Missouri Kids First. “That’s really a crack ( ) in the system.”
Without educators ( ) in place, “We really need neighbors to check on next-door children and children in the neighborhood,” said Tom Rawlings, director of Georgia state’s Division of Family and Children Services.
Back at the National Domestic Violence Hotline, which is based in Austin, Texas but has staff working remotely now, advocates are urging people in potentially risky situations to use the more discreet ( ) chat and text options available on their website, and to formulate ( ) a personal safety plan. This could include setting up a standing call with relatives or establishing a code phrase to signal an emergency.
因疫情封城禁足 反促長家暴危機
為遏止冠狀病毒傳播而頒布的禁足令,選用「Safer at Home」(待在家更安全)作為口號,以強制民眾待在家。然而,待在家裡並非對每個人來說都會更安全。
當全世界的家庭都蟄居屋內,有識之士及官員也擔憂會有另一種危險(雖不像病毒的威脅顯而易見,卻也是同樣險惡):受害者與施虐者每天從早到晚一同困在家中,可能會使家庭暴力事件激增──由於對峙情況加劇、無處可逃、與親朋好友缺乏往來,也不知道這一切何時會結束。
「施暴者利用所能掌握的任何工具來施加權力及控制,武漢肺炎便是其中一種工具」,「全國家暴熱線」主管克莉絲多‧賈斯提斯表示。該熱線為二十四小時全年無休的全美服務。各地的城鎮都非常關注此問題,但卻很難獲得有意義的數字。在某些情況,官員擔心求助電話數目激增;其他時候,則擔心電話數量減少,因為這可能表示受害者找不到安全的方式來尋求幫助。
在洛杉磯,政府一直在為施暴案的激增做準備。洛杉磯郡警長艾利克斯‧維拉紐瓦表示:「〔禁足〕大約一兩個星期後幽閉煩躁症發作,人們會對彼此感到厭倦,然後家庭暴力便可能會發生」。
「這種大流行病的主要挑戰之一是,家裡並非對每個人來說都是安全的地方」,芝加哥「網絡:反家暴倡議」(The Network: Advocating Against Domestic Violence)的執行董事阿曼達‧派蓉說道。「受害者與施暴者只能待在犯罪現場」。
受疫情重創的歐洲大陸也有類似問題引起關切。法國為家暴受害者辯護的名律師納塔莉‧托馬西尼表示,在法國,「這樣的混居是容易引爆的」。她說,跟有施暴傾向的伴侶一起困在公寓裡,就像是身處在「沒有窗戶的監獄」。
除了親密伴侶的暴力,虐待兒童問題也引發關注。各地的司法機關主要的擔憂的,不僅是冠狀病毒之緊張情勢可能引發更多的虐童事件,而是孩子不上學,可能會讓更多案件沒被通報或未被察覺。
倡議團體「密蘇里州兒童優先組織」(Missouri Kids First)的公共政策主任潔西卡‧塞茲表示:「如果孩子們不在學校,這些案件就不會被通報」。「這真是系統的漏洞」。
喬治亞州家庭與兒童服務處主管湯姆‧洛林斯表示,沒有教育工作者在崗位上,「我們真的需要鄰居來查看隔壁和附近的孩子」。
上述全國家暴熱線之辦公室設於德州奧斯汀市,但其人員目前是以遠距方式工作。該熱線呼籲身處此風險境地的人在聊天及傳簡訊時使用更秘密的網站選項,並擬定人身安全計畫。這可包括設定聯繫親戚的常備電話,或建立通關密語來表示緊急狀況。
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喬 托 家教 在 文茜的世界周報 Sisy's World News Facebook 的精選貼文
《文茜的世界周報》蔣勳、林懷民等發起:「我們敬愛的臺靜農老師」池上榖倉藝術館特展
【曾任臺大中文系系主任二十年的臺靜農先生是傑出的文學家、教育家,也是備受推崇的書法家。國畫大師張大千先生就曾對臺老師的書法給予至高讚譽:三百年來,能夠得到明末書畫大家倪元璐書法精髓者,「靜農一人也。」
今年是臺靜農先生逝世三十周年。許多學生和晚輩深深懷念臺老師的學識、人品和他獨樹一格的書法,想為他做點事,因此有了這次在台東池上「穀倉美術館」的展覽:「我們敬愛的臺靜農老師」。】
{內文}
要了解臺靜農的人格和書法,可以從陳獨秀寫給他的信為起點,陳獨秀是中國共產黨創始者之一,五四運動的精神領袖,創辦《新青年》刊物,倡導「德先生」(民主)和「賽先生」(科學),兩人為安徽同鄉,抗戰期間在四川江津偶然結識,雙方書信往返百來封,是談學論藝的忘年交。
(蔣勳\作家.藝術家)
這封信是陳獨秀在1941年寫給臺靜農的,談到了沈尹默,沈尹默是蔡元培時代,被邀請到北大去教書法,臺老師尊稱沈尹默是他的老師,陳獨秀說這個人很用功寫字,下面筆鋒一轉,可是「字外無字」,意思是說,寫字之外好像沒有其它追求了,
所以30年他的字好像都沒有變化
除了書法 寫字,人生還需要有什麼樣的追求,對土地人民的關懷,對社會國家的關愛,陳獨秀對同鄉後輩的提點,臺靜農很早就親身踐履,也付出過代價,他在1924年進入北大研究所國學門,和莊嚴 董作賓成為莫逆之交,隔年結識魯迅,共同成立文學社團「未名社」,出版第一部短篇小說集《地之子》,以悲憫之心描寫「鄉間的死生 泥土的氣息」,魯迅讚許為「優秀之作」,1928年「未名社」出版俄國十月革命領導人托洛斯基的《文學與革命》,臺靜農因此遭羈押50天,1932 1934年又兩度因為「共黨嫌疑」遭囚禁關押,臺靜農在友人推薦下,1946年渡海前往臺大中文系任教,首位系主任許壽裳疑遭宵小殺害,接任的喬大壯返回上海後,1948年自沉蘇州河,風聲鶴唳 動盪不安的局勢下,中文系改由臺靜農掌舵,一任20年。
(莊靈\攝影家.前故宮副院長莊嚴之子)
臺老他在台灣居留,住的最久的,就是台北市溫州街十八巷六號,就是「龍坡丈室」,也是他的「歇腳盦」,那天也很特別,他說莊靈來來來,你陪我喝酒,我說臺伯我幫你拍個照片,就在這個「龍坡丈室」裡面
臺靜農為成長茁壯中的中文系,打下堅實根基,奠定良好基礎,教學備課之餘,偶有散文小品,書法則是重要的心靈寄託,他曾說「每感鬱結 意不能靜」,「惟時弄毫墨以自排遣」。
(盧廷清\實踐大學教授)
臺先生自己說,他是一個「五四青年」,他對書法基本上是認為「玩物喪志」,所以很長時間只看並不去寫,他覺得自己寫得好是到台灣以後,臺先生的書法成就,特別是行草書達到了高峰,然後他的隸書也非常地,寫出一種比較寬闊的這種氣勢
曾經撰寫專書的學者盧廷清認為,臺靜農以「書法體現人格」躋身為「百年內非常重要的書法家」,生前作品極受歡迎,除了嚴肅的文學期刊《中外文學》,女弟子林文月翻譯的《源氏物語》,暢銷武俠小說題字也出自他的手筆。
(蔣勳\作家.藝術家)
2020年的11月,是臺靜農老師逝世30週年,很多的臺老師的學生 晚輩,都還非常非常懷念他,幾位朋友聚在一起,就在想我們能不能來做一個小小的展覽,「致敬愛的臺靜農老師」表達我們晚輩對於他的一種懷念跟致敬吧。大家注意歷史博物館提供的這兩幅真跡,而且剛好跨越在臺靜農先生的兩種書法風格,一個是《石門頌》,像刀子走在石頭上的這種線條的力度,加上了明朝倪元璐的一種流動性的東西,杜甫的《秋興八首》「聽猿實下三聲淚」,那個三下面聲音的聲,淚水的淚,大概是這一幅書法裡面最漂亮的就那個線條的流轉,完全像淚水在漫漶。「大江東去浪淘盡」,我自己覺得臺靜農老師在《念奴嬌》的書寫當中,不只是對這個文學的愛好,同時其實講得更清楚,他景仰蘇東坡這個人,在對抗所有的災難 壓抑 痛苦的同時,怎麼去找回自我去釋放自我
這不僅是一場書法展,有臺靜農文章 手稿,他與師友的魚雁書信,攝影家影像也停格時代氣息,寫真文人間自然互動的生活情狀。
(莊靈\攝影家.前故宮副院長莊嚴之子)
這個是有一年冬天,臺老就寫梅,我父親(莊嚴 前故宮副院長)在旁邊看他,都穿了那個長袍,因為那個時候臺北冬天也滿冷的,外頭又下雨,可是屋裡面我的感覺是非常地溫暖,這是跟大千先生在一起,這是在外雙溪的「摩耶精舍」,這時候他們三位常常會見面,大千先生的義弟叫張目寒先生,大概也就是同時間,他三個人就覺得,有必要大家想要聚會一下,那就目寒先生說,那就到我們家來好了,因為他那個附近可以買得到,油條 豆漿 燒餅油條,不曉得聊到什麼,大家笑得非常地高興
池上穀倉美術館的展品來自史博館 故宮 兩廳院 台大圖書館等,以及臺靜農贈與學生的珍藏「酒旗風暖少年狂」由施叔提供。
(蔣勳\作家.藝術家)
陳獨秀的這個詩句,你會讓大家覺得好像他心裡面的那個火,那種對社會關心的火,一直是這麼溫暖 這麼熱的,這麼熱的在燃燒的,我覺得好像臺老師忽然年輕起來了
「一春舊夢散如煙」來自林文月。
(蔣勳\作家.藝術家)
林文月老師他的外祖父,就是寫台灣通史的連雅堂,我覺得這個心情是非常特殊的,所以他寫過連雅堂的詩「青山青史各千年」,前面「一春舊夢散如煙」,那個字非常漂亮豪邁,寫到後面覺得空白不夠了,他就用小字把下面兩句寫完
臺靜農書贈的隸書則長掛蔣勳廳堂。
(蔣勳\作家.藝術家)
「爛漫」這兩個字,有一點放縱自我,也有一點點的頹廢,那追求生命裡面的某一種很真性情的東西,這個叫做「爛漫晉宋謔」,下聯更清楚,就是「出入僊佛間」,一切如夢幻泡影的那種虛無的感覺,也把他個人個性裡面的某些東西講得非常非常清楚
(盧廷清\實踐大學教授)
「老去空餘度海心」,「蹉跎一世更何云」,「無窮天地無窮感」,「坐對斜陽看浮雲」,在那個世代的人,活下來真的不容易,所以臺先生才會說,要是沒有文學跟藝術的涵養的話,就沒有辦法活得從容
(蔣勳\作家.藝術家)
我們也更瞭解到,在一個可能亂世當中,如何活出人的一種生命風範,更可以瞭解他的不只是書法,他在人品在文字的書寫 在教育上,究竟堅持了什麼
喬 托 家教 在 Eric's English Lounge Facebook 的最佳解答
[教育時評] Distance Learning 遠程教學
I personally feel that universities will fully embrace distance learning and relevant technologies will be rapidly developed as a result.
個人認為,大學院校將會全面擁抱遠程教學,而相關科技也將因此迅速發展。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
US Universities Move Classes Online
The day after colleges across the country suspended classes over fears of the coronavirus, Abigail Lockhart-Calpito, a freshman from San Antonio, ran across the Harvard campus trying to get answers. Her lectures were being replaced by online classes. Her residence hall was being cleared out. She, like thousands of others in her shoes, had a million questions: What was going to happen to her financial aid? Where would she stay? What about her credits?
1. over fears of 擔心、擔憂
2. financial aid 助學金
3. school credit 學分
全國大學院校因新冠病毒擔憂停課的第二天,來自聖安東尼奧的大一學生阿比蓋爾·洛哈特-卡皮托(Abigail Lockhart-Calpito)在哈佛校園裡四處奔走尋找答案。她的課換成了在線教學。她的宿舍要騰空。現在,她和其他幾萬名面臨同樣處境的學生一樣,腦中有無數疑問:助學金怎麼辦?搬到哪裡去?學分呢?
★★★★★★★★★★★★
The abrupt disruption of the semester caused widespread concern and a feeling of chaos on campuses across the country. Administrators saw spring break as a chance to reset the clock in the battle against the coronavirus. One after the other, like dominoes, they announced they were suspending classes and asking students to pack up and go.
4. abrupt disruption 突然中斷
5. cause widespread concern 引發擔憂的蔓延
6. a feeling of chaos 混亂的感覺
7. across the country 在全國範圍內
8. reset the clock 歸零,重置
9. the battle against…對抗…的戰役
10. dominoes 多米諾骨牌
11. pack up 打包
在全國範圍內,學期被突然打斷,擔憂和一種陷入混亂的感覺在校園裡蔓延。管理者認為,春假是開始抗擊新冠病毒疫情的好時機,於是,如多米諾骨牌一般,他們一個接一個地宣布停課,並讓學生打包離開。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
On Wednesday, the closures continued. Gov. Andrew M. Cuomo of New York declared that the state and city university systems would move to distance learning, as did the University of Pennsylvania, several California State campuses, the Claremont Colleges, Iowa State, Georgetown, Pepperdine, Villanova, Notre Dame, Michigan State and Washington University in St. Louis, among others.
12. closure of 關閉
13. move to 移至
14. distance learning* 遠程教學
15. online learning 線上學習
星期三,更多學校關閉。紐約州州長安德魯·M·科莫(Andrew M. Cuomo)宣布,所有州屬、市屬大學都改為遠程教學。採取同樣措施的,還有賓夕法尼亞大學、加利福尼亞州立大學的幾所分校、克萊蒙特學院、愛荷華州立大學、喬治城大學、佩珀代因大學、維拉諾瓦大學、聖母大學、密西根州立大學和聖路易斯華盛頓大學等等。
*In a nutshell, the key difference between online learning and distance learning is geography. Students can be together with an instructor and use online learning, but distance learning implies that students and instructor are separated.
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Infectious disease specialists said that dormitories, with their communal bathrooms as well as dining halls with open buffets, are like cruise ships, with students squeezed together and facing increased risk of infection. Emptying them out, if only partially, is necessary, they said.
16. infectious disease 傳染病
17. dormitory 學生宿舍
18. communal bathrooms 公共浴室
19. open buffet 開放式自助餐
20. face increased risk of infection 面臨感染風險增加
傳染病專家說,學生宿舍裡有公共浴室和提供自助餐的食堂,學生被圈擠在一起,與郵輪一樣面臨高感染風險。他們說,把宿舍清空,即使只是一部分,也是必要的。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Even those on the way to college in the fall felt the impact on Wednesday, as the SAT exam scheduled for Saturday was canceled in 18 countries and at more than 120 U.S. schools. In many cases, no alternative locations or makeup dates were offered.
21. on the way to 正要
22. feel the impact 感受到影響
23. be scheduled for 被排定於
24. in many cases 很多的例子
25. no alternative 沒有替代方案
即便那些秋季才入學的學生,也在週三感受到了影響。週三,18個國家和超過120所學校取消了原定在週六舉行的SAT測試。很多地方沒有公布替補考點或改期時間。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
Ms. Lockhart-Calpito, 19, is on full financial aid, which includes tuition, room and board. Her parents are self-employed, and she had scraped together airfare home for spring break by working two part-time jobs, as a tutor and as an usher and ticket seller. She is going to stay with a family friend instead of her parents, but she worries about wearing out her welcome.
26. full financial aid 全額助學金
27. tuition 學費
28. room and board 住宿費與餐費
29. usher (n.) 帶位員
30. wear out 消磨
19歲的洛哈特-卡皮托領著全額助學金,包括學費、住宿費和餐費。她父母是個體經營者,她自己勉強湊夠了春假回家的機票,為此她要打兩份零工,一份是家教,一份是領位兼售票員。她打算住在父母的一個朋友家中,而不是住父母那裡,但是她擔心,那家人可能會不太歡迎她。
★★★★★★★★★★★★
“Harvard expects us to go home,” she said on Wednesday. “But home for a lot of us is this campus.” As she went from office to office, officials told her apologetically that they had found out about the orders to shut down normal life on campus at the same time that she had, and so had few answers. Private charities and individuals were responding with offers to provide temporary lodging and financial help, she said.
31. expect someone to 期望某人做某事
32. tell someone apologetically 懷著歉意告知某人
33. find out 發現
34. provide temporary lodging 提供臨時住所
「哈佛希望我們回家,」她在週三說,「但是對我們很多人來說,學校就是家。」她跑了許多辦公室詢問,官員們很抱歉地告訴她,他們是與學生同時收到指令,得知校園的正常生活要被關停的,所以無法回答她的問題。她說有私人慈善機構和個人對此做出回應,向學生提供臨時住處和資金幫助。
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Harvard officials said they were swamped with requests for financial and logistical help and could not take time to talk in detail about the situation. They noted that Gov. Charlie Baker of Massachusetts had declared a public health emergency on Tuesday, and said that the university had been forced to respond in kind. But they said that any students who were on financial aid and had a “demonstrated need” would be taken care of.
35. be swamped with 被…淹沒
36. logistics 後勤;後勤學
37. declare a public health emergency 宣布公共衛生進入緊急狀態
38. respond in kind 以同樣方法(或手段)回應
39. on financial aid 領助學金的
40. a “demonstrative” need 經證實的需求
41. be taken care of 會被照料
哈佛校方表示,他們現在被資金和後勤方面的協助要求淹沒,沒有時間深入談論具體情況。他們提到,麻薩諸塞州州長查理·貝克(Charlie Baker)在週二宣布了公共衛生緊急狀態,學校也被迫要以類似的舉措進行回應。但他們表示,他們會照顧那些依賴助學金並「經證明有需求」的學生。
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The closures also presented challenges for foreign students enrolled at American universities on F visas. They are permitted to take only one course online per term to remain legally in the country; students on M visas for vocational training are normally not allowed to take any classes online.
42. present challenges 呈現了挑戰
43. F visas F簽證*
44. remain legally in the country 合法居留
45. vocational training 職業培訓
學校關閉也為持F簽證在美國大學學習的外國留學生帶來挑戰。要在這個國家合法居留,他們每個學期只允許選一門網課。而持M簽證接受職業培訓的學生,則通常不能選任何網課。
*F visas: https://travel.state.gov/content/travel/en/us-visas/study/student-visa.html
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Immigration and Customs Enforcement on Monday issued guidance, saying that it would be “flexible with temporary adaptations” for international students as universities adjust to the crisis. Carissa Cutrell, an agency spokeswoman, said the goal was to ensure that students were “able to continue to make normal progress in a full course of study as required by federal regulations.”
46. be flexible with... 對…保持彈性
47. temporary adaptations 臨時應變
48. adjust to 為…調整
49. ensure that... 確保...
50. make normal progress 做到維持正常進度
51. federal regulations 聯邦規定
週一,移民和海關執法局頒佈指導意見,說在學校調整應對當前危機時,該部門針對外國學生會有「臨時的應變靈活處理」。執法局發言人卡麗莎·卡瑞爾(Carissa Cutrell)說,目的是要確保學生「能夠保持正常的學習進度,以完成聯邦法規所要求的全部課程」。
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Megan Lobo, 18, a freshman at New York University, had her first two online classes on Wednesday, and will soon be moving home to Leonia, N.J. Her two-and-a-half-hour music class, she said, was not conducive to online learning. They used Zoom, the video application. “A lot of the relationships that you form in college are just kind of being around each other,” she said. “Especially for music — meeting people and networking. A lot of people I’ve met in the hallway or in class. Losing those small things can be a setback.”
52. conductive to 對…有利的
53. video application 影片應用程式
54. networking 網路
55. suffer a setback 遭遇挫折
紐約大學18歲的大一學生梅根·洛博(Megan Lobo)在週三上了頭兩節網課,很快將搬回紐澤西利奧尼亞市的家中。她說有一節兩個半小時的音樂課並不適合在線學習。他們用了影片應用Zoom。「在大學裡,很多關係的建立,其實就是大家在一塊兒,」她說,「尤其對於音樂來說——就是要與人見面,建立人際網路。很多人我都是在走廊或課上認識的。沒了這樣的小事是很遺憾的。」
完整報導: https://nyti.ms/3cY9zdw
圖片來源: https://nyti.ms/3d1qPid
★★★★★★★★★★★★
教育時評: http://bit.ly/39ABON9
時事英文大全: http://bit.ly/2WtAqop
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